Goods

KEY ECONOMIC RATIOS and LONG-TERM TRENDS 1988 GDP (US$ billions) Gross capital formation/GDP Exports of goods and services/GDP Gross domestic savings/GDP Gross national savings/GDP Current account balance/GDP Interest payments/GDP Total debt/GDP Total debt service/exports Present value of debt/GDP Present value of debt/exports 1988-98 (average annual growth) GDP GDP per capita Exports of goods and services 2.4 0.6 5.9 22.2 21.0 25.9 20.8 23.6 2.1 4.4 95.1 24.7 .. .. 1998-08 4.6 3.4 7.5 1998 40.0

foundations of International trade ( Following Foreign trade : it’s the exchange of capital, goods, and services across borders or territories Foreign exchange : it’s the exchange of money in one currency for another. Customs duties : it’s a kind of indirect tax which is collected by a local agency responsible on goods of international trade. Tariffs : it’s a tax levied on imported or exported goods. Quotas : The share or proportion assigned to each in a division. Tariff barriers :

economically. Free trade in general is described as an arrangement which established unimpeded exchange and flow of goods and services between trading partners, regardless of national borders. Depending on the specific context, the use of the term “Free Trade” has different meanings: It is a concept in economics and politics that refers to: • International trade of goods without tariffs (taxes on imports) or other trade barriers (e.g, quotas on imports.) • International trade in services

establishing the European Economic Community (“EEC Treaty”): signed in Rome on 25 March 1957/ entry into force January 1958 ( Purpose: embrace the whole economic relationships that may exist between MS. (eg agriculture, transportation, free movement of goods and people, etc.) in order to establish a Common Market (Means: promote the economic integration of national markets The EEC has evolved since 1957 through: ( Enlargements _ 6 original MS: Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg

also been quite clear – national governments’ willingness to maintain their regimes as intact as possible in spite of liberalization. One must also bear in mind that there are strongly legitimate grounds for maintaining export controls on dual-use goods especially in cases of non-proliferation and trade embargoes. Still one can argue that encryption is defensive in its true nature, used to protect the information from unauthorised access, and cannot be directly used for hostile purposes. Therefore

and, as rail, goods have to be collected from and delivered to airports. At last, sea covers long distance and is inexpensive, however, it's really slow and goods needs to be transported to / from docks. We have to make a transcontinental shipment of video scanners. From my point of view, these are high-value, high-tech goods that need to be handle carefully. Since it's a transcontinental shipment, we have to choose first between air & sea. Even if sea is cheaper, our goods are highly sensitive

India and the Soviet Union had a planned economy. An advantage of this type of economy is that there is some quid of stability in the market. Any business can sell goods and services whether people do not really need them. The government helps them. An other advantage of this economy, is that with the help of the government, social goods and services can ensure to be product even if there are not very productive. But there are many disadvantage for a planned economy. If something has not been planned

                        THE  FREE  MOVEMENT  OF   CULTURAL  GOODS  AND   SERVICES:  THE  CONFLICT   TRADE  VS.  CULTURE.                 Aurélie  Rapenne     I6022643                                   1   INTRODUCTION       “La   culture…   ce   qui   a   fait   de   l’homme

chose to select the international company Procter & Gamble. Procter and gamble Co, is an American multinational corporation specializing in consumer goods. Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, the chairman of the board of directors is named Robert A. McDonald. With revenue of $79 billion, Procter and Gamble manufactures has a wide range of consumer goods, ranked 6 among the global most admired company, 12 among the worlds’ most innovative companies, and recognized as one of the 40 best company of diversity

BPM naturels 2) Les BPM fabriqués par l’Homme 3) Les résultats des politiques III- PRODUCTION DES BPM A) LA PRODUCTION DECENTRALISEE 1) Le bien public additif (summation goods) 2) Le maillon le plus faible (weakest link goods) 3) la portée du meilleur (best-shot goods) B) PERSPECTIVES D’UNE PRODUCTION CENTRALISEE IV- LE FINANCEMENT DES BPM A) FINANCEMENT PRIVE B) FINANCEMENT PUBLIC V- REGULATION DES BPM A) LES PROTOCOLES B)