Probability theory

interesting, since there are so few ‘hard’ facts to go on. As a result, a number of handy speculations have acquired the status of facts; and this in itself may serve as a warning. For example, it is usually stated that Eudoxus of Cnidus invented the theory of proportions in Euclid’s book V. There is evidence for this, but it is rather slender. Fowler is suspicious, and Knorr more accepting, but both, as specialists, necessarily argue about its status. In all general histories, it has acquired the status

financière à caractère européen n’est pas évidente puisque, de facto, les assurés ne se comportent pas comme des investisseurs sur un marché financier liquide. Les comportements observés peuvent être rapprochés, pour leur aspect irrationnel, de la prospect theory ou théorie des perspectives (1979) de Kahneman7 et Tversky qui repose sur l’observation de comportements asymétriques des individus selon qu’ils viennent de subir un gain ou une perte. En effet, après des gains, les personnes ont tendance à consolider

based on caracteristics of roads and buildings in SAR and optical images. The object removal/inclusion in the DB is based on a score obtained by the fusion of features in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The framework can be seen as a generalization of the Bayesian theory, able to model easily the feature imprecision. For road processing, we have developed a method of section linking which exploits the structure of roads organized as a network.considering their structure organized

application of non-stationary panel data techniques”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, pp. 671-690. [44] McCoskey, S. et Kao, C. (2001), “A Monte Carlo comparison of tests for cointegration in panel data”, Journal of Propagations in Probability and Statistics, 1, pp. 165-198. [45] McCoskey, S. et Selden, T. (1998), “Health care expenditures and GDP : panel data unit root test results”, Journal of Health Economics, 17, pp. 369-376. [46] McDonald, R. (1996), “Panel unit root tests and real

and D. Baum. An Introduction to Queueing Theory and Matrix-Analytic Methods. Springer, 2005. 2. D. Gross, J.F. Shortle, J.M. Thompson and C.M. Harris. Fundamentals of Queueing Theory. John Wiley and Sons, 2008. 3. L. Kleinrock. Queueing Systems, Volume 1: Theory. John-Wiley and Sons, 1975. 4. P. Robert. Réseaux et Files d’Attente : Méthodes Probabilistes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. 5. B.D. Ripley. Stochastic Simulation. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, 1987. 6.

212 2.1. The financial approach 2.1.1. Diversifying and sharing the risk According to this approach, choosing to syndicate can be explained by the attempt to reduce the investment risk by diversifying the investment portfolio. Modern portfolio theory teaches us that spreading capital over a larger number of non-correlated investments reduces the overall portfolio risk. Syndication allows a venture capital firm to allocate its funds to a larger number of projects and therefore to share the inherent

sur les fondements des probabilités, qui lui permet d’être nommé en 1909, membre du King’s College, après avoir été fonctionnaire au bureau des affaires indiennes entre1906 et 1908; Cette thèse sera publiée en 1921 sous le titre « A Treatise on probability ». Il y critique l’utilitarisme benthamien et l’utilisation des mathématiques dans les sciences morales. Membre du Trésor britannique, il en démissionne car désapprouve les closes imposées à l’Allemagne dans le traité de Versailles et publie en

actual or desired serf concept of the target market. Though marketers should remember that celebrities are living beings like us and if they can highlight the benefits or advantages of a brand they can also have some uncanny negative impact. Theory and practice suggests that the use of stars and their unleashing power in advertising generate a lot of publicity and attention from the public but the underline questions are, do these stars really help a brand by increasing its sales? On the other

LE NOUVEAU RATIO DE SOLVABILITE 17 ˆ CHAPITRE 3. LE NOUVEL ACCORD DE BALE ET LE RATIO MCDONOUGH – L’approche IRB (Internal Ratings Based Approach) est une m´ethode de calcul bas´ee sur des mesures internes des probabilit´es de d´efaillance (Probability of Default ou PD) et des mesures externes des autres param`etres du mod`ele. – Dans l’approche IRB “avanc´ee”, la banque estime aussi le taux de perte (Loss Given Default ou LGD), l’exposition au d´efaut (Exposure At Default ou EAD) et le traitement

Princing des options asiatiques, preprint, http: //cere mics.enpc.fr, juin 2000. R.C. Merton. Theory of rational option pricing, Bell Journal of Economy and Management Sciences, vol. 4, p. 141-183, 1973. PA. Raviart, J.M. Thomas. Introduction a l’analyse num´rique des ` e ´quations aux d´riv´es partielles, Masson, Paris, 1983. e e e L.C.G. Rogers, Z. Shi. The value of an asian option, Journal of Applied Probability, vol. 32, p. 1077-1088, 1995. L. Schwartz. M´thodes math´matiques pour les sciences physiques