Biofuel

installations électriques, et donc de pouvoir choisir plus librement l’itinéraire en utilisant au maximum l’énergie électrique. L’utilisation de « biofuel » permettrait une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 80 %. Malheureusement, cette méthode est actuellement très difficile à mettre en place. C’est extrêmement cher, il faut plus de biofuel que de diesel et la puissance de la locomotive s’en trouve affaiblie. 9 10 €€ +++ / € € €€€ ++ ++ + + €€€ + €€€

réglementations qui ont un effet technologie et d’opérations des indirect sur les émissions de GES navires Energie Fraction carbone du carburant de Cout et disponibilité de ces shipping (gC/ MJ énergie de carburants (utilisation de RFO, fioul) distillats, LNG, biofuels) Tableau 2 : Axes d’amélioration du bilan carbone du transport maritime (Faber, 2008) 10 Catégorie Economie En résumé, les émissions GES du shipping relèvent de trois grands axes (tableau 2) : économique, technique et énergétique. Après avoir

www.aatcc.org/IC Ongoing www.aatcc.org/programs/calib www.aatcc.org/programs/global www.aatcc.org/programs/workshops/eLearning-text.cfm National Textile Center researchers share their work at the poster session. Staff photo/P. Grady. Biofuel from Carpet Effluent US Combustible Dust Rulemaking to Affect Textiles DyStar Resumes Production Review For Your Company For Your Customers AATCC Review AATCC Review www.aatcc.org For Your Employees individual For the Industry

fuels and biomass often results in air pollution, with negative impacts on the health of both people and ecosystems. Aside from being major users of energy, agriculture and forestry are also major suppliers of energy. The increasing demand for biofuels derived from agricultural biomass is contributing to changes in land-use patterns. On average, per capita energy use in the more developed regions is five times greater than in the less developed regions and more than 15 times greater than in the

grow. However, whether and how the difference between incremental demand and supply is met by imports depends on several key factors: an increase in domestic crude oil production, mainly from the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, a small portion from rising biofuels production, and the anticipated dampening of demand growth due to increased levels of fuel efficiency. OPEC’S ROLE OPEC member countries were hard hit by plunging oil prices; their investments in socioeconomic development were severely affected.

illegal in 2006. To stop the residues of antibiotics getting into the human food chain, farmers are required by law to stop antibiotic treatment at fixed “withdrawal” time before the animal is slaughtered. (WSPA, 2009) Current increase in demand for biofuels, growing economies of developing countries, rising incomes, changing diets and climate change are putting more demand on suppliers. The only way to meet demand and minimize the cost of food is thought to be through factory farming methods as the

“Targeting  the  realization  of  an  ultimate  eco‐car,  Toyota  has  long  pursued  research  and  development  of  conventional  gasoline  and  diesel  engines,  as  well  as  power  trains  that  are  compatible  with  such  various  energy  as  biofuel,  electricity,  and  hydrogen.  Of  these  technologies,  since  hybrid  technology  can  be  applied  to  all  types  of  power  trains,  we  have  positioned it as a core technology and are aggressively pursuing its development. Introducing  these R&D results in products

projections through 2030 by ExxonMobil, the consumption of biomass (including traditional fuels such as wood and dung) and solid waste are expected to grow by 1.3% per year, wind and solar about 11% (supported by subsidies and related man- dates), and biofuels (including ethanol and biodiesel) less than 5%. Most of the supermajors, such as BP, Chevron, Royal Dutch Shell, and Total, are building renewable energy businesses with a long-term view. BP Alternative Energy was launched in 2005, with a focus on

developing countries. The perception behind this change of focus is that Brazil can benefit a great deal from transitioning to a low carbon economy : after all, the country has one of the cleanest energy matrixes in the world, is a world-leader in biofuels and most of its emissions (illegal deforestation) is not linked to economic growth. Brazil is also in favor of approving regulations that enable and popularize technologies that are still protected by patents, generally owned by wealthy countries

from one form to another. Solar energy, which will be the main source of energy that we will deal with in this manual, gives us of course energy in form of heat. But it can also be stored chemical energy in plants and trees, which are the basis of biofuels and fossil fuels such as wood, coal and oil. Another form of solar energy is kinetic energy, which means the energy amount is, stored in a movable mass e.g. water. If you let running water in a river or stream make a turbine wheel with an attached