Biofuel

market. Ils représentent également une solution durable pour le transport aérien, parce que l'aviation représente un marché relativement petit. However, as supplies will be limited, there will need to be some degree of priority given to reserving biofuels for the aviation industry as other sectors can more easily develop alternatives. Toutefois, comme les fournitures seront limitées, il faudra un certain degré de priorité accordé à réserver biocarburants pour l'industrie aéronautique que d'autres

ensemble. L’utilisation de données agrégées au niveau mondial minore immanquablement la part qu’occupe statistiquement la consommation OCL VOL. 16 N° 1 JANVIER-FÉVRIER 2009 31 130 110 Food (grains) 90 Feed (protein) 70 50 Fuel (biofuel) 30 contribution de la hausse de l’offre de biocarburants de maïs américain dans l’accroissement des prix mondiaux agricoles durant l’épisode 2006-2007 (tableau 3). Retenons aussi que la tension provoquée par la raréfaction réelle et anticipée

22 Emission reductions in transportation compared to Baseline for the ACT Map and BLUE Map scenarios, 2050 ACT Map 8.2 Gt CO2 reduction Electrification 9% BLUE Map 12.5 Gt CO2 reduction Hydrogen FCVs 14% Biofuels 22% Fuel efficiency 69% Electrification 17% Biofuels 17% Fuel efficiency 52% Key point Fuel efficiency options dominate transport sector CO2 reductions in the ACT Map scenario; alternative fuels play a larger role in BLUE Map. Dans les deux cas, on remarque

Ils ont investi dans des pépites qui sont aujourd’hui dans les blockbusters du renouvelables. De mes souvenirs de 2009, ceux qui m’ont marqué sont Solarzyme, Solarcity, BrightSource Energy, BetterPlace et Tesla Motors. Solarzyme, contrairement à BioFuel Systems (BFS), fait du biocarburant à partir d’algues avec des systèmes plus rustiques. En gros, ils laissent croître les algues dans des cuves exposées au soleil, récoltent cette biomasse et en récupèrent l’huile végétale. Moins technique, ce procédé

sources and transportation routes. The strategic petroleum reserve should be strengthened. By the way, we have to improve security of gas supply. * Renewable energy The use of renewable energies such as wind, solar, photovoltaic, biomass and biofuels undoubtedly contributes to reducing climate change. It can be another way to secure the supply of energy. Furthermore, it creates jobs as we saw in the case of Germany in the introduction. Nevertheless, renewable energy sources are marginal in the

agreement to succeed the Kyoto Protocol aimed at achieving a 30% cut by all developed nations by 2020. A cut of up to 50% in carbon emissions from primary energy sources by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. A minimum target of 10% for the use of biofuels by 2020. Improving energy relations with the EU's neighbours, including Russia. The development of a European Strategic Energy Technology Plan to develop technologies in areas including renewable energy, energy conservation, low-energy buildings

d’huiles végétales comme l'huile de palme, de tournesol, de colza ou encore de karanj. Les huiles usagées rejetées par les systèmes de consommation humains peuvent également être utilisées comme biocarburant. Vous pouvez également entendre parler de « biofuel », de « carburant végétal » et d’ « agrocarburant », qui sont tous des termes voulant désigner les biocarburants. Les biocarburants sont assimilés à une source d’énergie renouvelable. Leur combustion ne produit que du CO2 et de la vapeur d'eau

w/ C&S Carbon Free H2 for Transport Concern over Future Availability of Oil and F y Gas Biofuels GTL GTL w/ C&S Heavy Oil Heavy Oil w/ C&S Arctic Deep Water Enhanced Recovery Low Low Concern relating to Threat of Climate Change High 57 options puissance/chaleur High CTL CTL w/ C&S Hydrates GTL w/ C&S GTL Heavy Oil Arctic Tight Gas Hydro Coal Bed Methane Heavy Oil w/ C&S Biofuels Nuclear Biomass Bi Carbon Free H2 for Transport Solar Concern ove Future Availab of Oil and er

(RX400h) and BMW (Efficient Dynamics X6) now offer SUV hybrid comprising a heat engine and two electric motors. There is also the solution of bio-fuel or mixing with the fuel as ADBLUE Audi has developed on the Q7. However, some voices saying that biofuels are not the solution since they are competing food production and energy production for transportation purposes. On the other hand, the SUV is less aerodynamic and heavier than the sedans, station wagons; SUV hybrids still consume more fuel than

inexistant in Greece. Today, producers of the two first countries face difficulties ranging from the increased difficulty to be supplied in raw material, to the absence of political or financial supports. As a matter of fact, the development of the solid biofuels market in Europe presents different patterns in North and in South European countries for bioclimatic, political and economic reasons. The relatively low forestry resources in south European countries (and the shortage in raw material reported above)