Mean squared error

show that the production depends to a large extent on the labour force, on the quality and the quantity of the seed used, and on the growing surface.The study concludes also that rice farmers are technically inefficient. Moreover, the difference-of-mean tests reveal that there is no difference in technical efficiency between irrigators and low ground farmers.The productivity decrease is due to the overexploitation of the managed lands. That productivity decrease is stressed by the lack of financial

Croissance Pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté SONACOP : Société Nationale de Commercialisation des produits Pétroliers TVA : Taxe sur Valeur Ajoutée URSS : Union des Républiques Socialistes et Soviétiques VAR : Vectoriel AutoRegressif * Vector Error Correction Model Réalisé et soutenu par Anoh Kodjê Blaise GNIMASSOUN LISTE DES TABLEAUX ET GRAPHIQUES TABLEAUX Tableau 1 : Facteurs explicatifs de la flambée des cours pétroliers depuis 2003 ......................... 27 Tableau 2 : Tableau de volatilité

observations: 16 Excluded observations: 1 after adjusting endpoints Variable C TINTCI DTICI TECI TDPCI BMCI CONTCACI TDTCI R-squared Adjusted R-squared S.E. of regression Sum squared resid Log likelihood Durbin-Watson stat Coefficient -0.142406 -4.974197 3.450696 2.209460 0.023886 0.301719 -1.404603 -17.33695 0.937607 0.883013 0.071148 0.040496 25.13010 1.914352 Std. Error 0.288067 1.209176 0.733549 0.331083 0.006443 0.103047 0.555071 6.051115 t-Statistic -0.494350 -4.113709 4.704108 6.673443 3.707198

to determine the presence/absence or the mass fraction or mass concentration of the analyte without attributable sampling error. Alternatively, an aliquot (2.2.9) may be used. 2.2.9 Aliquot A known volume fraction of the test solution (2.2.8) used directly to determine the presence/absence or the mass fraction/concentration of the analyte without attributable sampling error. 2.2. I0 Detection The determination of the presence of the analyte as a chemical entity. 2 -2.11 Determination (quant

Independence of r.v.s Independence of random vectors Mean independence Cumulative distribution function Probability mass function Marginal pmf Conditional pmf Probability density function Marginal pdf Conditional pdf Borel Paradox Stochastic ordering Support set Transformations of random variables . Transformation R1 → R1 Transformation R2 → R2 Convolution formulae Probability integral transformation Properties of random variables . . . . Expected value, mean Conditional expectation Two-way rule for expectations

régulation de l’électricité ONG : Organisation Non Gouvernementale PIB: Produit intérieur brut PNB : Produit National Brut TEP : Tonne Equivalent Petrole UEMOA : Union Economique Monétaire Ouest Africain VAR:Vector Auto-Regressive VECM: Vector Error Correction Model SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION I- Cadre analytique A- Evolution de la réflexion théorique sur la relation entre la croissance économique et la consommation d’énergie B- Synthèse des analyses empiriques sur la question II-

* Statistique descriptives des variables en LOG | | | | | | | Sample: 1980 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DM | M | PIB | PRM | PRX | X | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Mean |  4.078958 |  11.40378 |  12.54849 |  0.591890 |  0.207827 |  11.18179 |  Median |  3.984028 |  11.39893 |  12.66227 |  0.580474 |  0.191225 |  11.18302 |  Maximum |  4.746670 |  12.75454 |  13.50927 |  1.040018 |  0.725398 |  12.44037 |  Minimum

Method: Least Squares Date: 04/11/22 Time: 11:46 Sample: 1 7 Included observations: 7 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 0.960000 0.679996 1.411773 0.2171 X 0.505000 0.070675 7.145352 0.0008 R-squared 0.910804 Mean dependent var 5.000000 Adjusted R-squared 0.892964 S.D. dependent var 3.055050 S.E. of regression 0.999500 Akaike info criterion 3.071833 Sum squared resid 4.995000 Schwarz criterion 3.056379 Log likelihood -8.751415 Hannan-Quinn criter. 2.880821 F-statistic

substitution for the composite consumption good between the year t and year t + 1 is consistent with findings in micro, macro and international economics. In addition, the economies are constructed to display equilibrium consumption growth rates with the same mean, variance and serial correlation as those observed for the U.S. economy in the 1889-1978 period. We find that for such economies, the average real annual yield on equity is a maximum of four-tenths of a percent higher than that on short-term debt,

Hausman montrent que notre estimation est en effet aléatoire. 15 Tableau 2 : Résultat d’estimation : variable dépendante (profitabilité) Variable Coefficient 0.119525 -0.001472 0.015104 0.002094 -0.082305 -0.307390 -0.012740 -0.008325 Std. Error 0.012637 0.000787 0.006242 0.002753 0.004386 0.074914 0.003461 0.004442 243 0.7599 1.661 t-Statistic 9.458691 -1.871013 2.419633 0.760723 -18.76496 -4.103240 -3.680716 -1.874109 Prob. 0.0000 0.0626*** 0.0163** 0.4476 0.0000* 0.0001* 0.0003* 0.0622***