Welfare economics

ORLUAN A. [1990], x La convention salarialefordienned'uneinnovation : locale a la du transfornation mode de r6gulation WP n? 9029 CEPREMAP, d6cembre. )>, BRYANT J. [1983], z A Simple Rational Expectations Keynes-Type Model >>,The Quaterly Journalof Economics,vol. 48, aout,p. 525-528. CAHUcP. [1989], ? Modes de fornation salaireset stagflation: des une analyseen termes de Revue economique, (3), mai. 40 theories jeux >>, des CHASKIEL P. [1989], , Sociology, 83 (6), p. 1420-1443. HAYEK F. [1973],Droit,lt'gislation

OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 47(2) and Article 55 and Article 95 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission 1, Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee 2, Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of the Regions 3, Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty 4, in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on 9 December

report, GM’s operations burned $19.2 billion of cash during 2008. The company still has a total labor cost that is substantially higher than U.S.-based Toyota and Honda plants, and it produces cars nobody wants even at prices that generate large economic losses. It is saddled with massive pension and healthcare obligations and is essentially insolvent: GM’s total liabilities are more than 50% greater than the book value of its assets, according to GM’s latest filing with the SEC. At the rate GM is

argued that trust is a prerequisite to the successful involvement (commitment) of customers and mutual levels of suppliers in value analysis. However, it should be pointed out that unless trust is translated into actionable commitment, no measurable economic gains would be attained from supply chain management. Accordingly, a framework needs to be developed to link the level of trust and the degree of commitment, commitment that certain actions benefiting both parties will be consummated to improve the

smallest region, New England has not been blessed with large expanses of rich farmland or a mild climate. Yet it played a dominant role in American development. From the 17th century until well into the 19th, New England was the country's cultural and economic center. The earliest European settlers of New England were English Protestants of firm and settled doctrine. Many of them came in search of religious liberty. They gave the region its distinctive political format -- the town meeting (an outgrowth

| International strategy | | Summary I. PEST 4 A. Political 4 B. Economic 5 C. Social 6 D. Technological 8 E. Environemental 8 F. Legal 9 II. Task Environment 11 A. Suppliers 11 B. Distributors 12 C. Customers 12 D. Competitors 13 E. Partners 14 III. Organisation’s resources

instable qui à terme remettrait en cause l’existence même de la démocratie. C’est un phénomène connu en théorie politique sous le nom de problème des factions. Toute coalition peut défaire ce qu’une autre coalition a 1. Dan Usher, 1981 : The economic prerequisites of Democracy, Columbia University Press. 2. Usher, Ibid, 1981. 8 Revue de l’OFCE DÉMOCRATIE ET MONDIALISATION fait, puisqu’une minorité peut devenir majorité en offrant à certains membres de la majorité existante, une position

remboursement de frais de soins pour les plus de 60 ans. Proposition de tarification, ISUP, 1993 Arnould, Elaboration d'une méthode de tarification du risque remboursement des frais, CNAM, 1987 Arrow K., Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care, American Economic Association Review, 1963, traduit dans Risques n° 26, pp. 141 AXA, Befec Price Waterhouse, Gestion et analyse financière, L'Argus, septembre 1994 Bac C., Balsan D., Modélisation des dépenses d’assurance maladie, document de

and economic growth, Labour Market and Social Policy paper N° 50, 2001, DEELSA-OECD. http://www.olis.oecd.org/OLIS/2001DOC.NSF Askenazy, P. La Croissance Moderne. Organisations innovantes de travail, Economica : Paris, 2002, 288 p. Askenazy, P., Thesmar D. et Thoenig M. Time-based competition and innovation, Economic Journal (London), 2003, à paraître. Black, S. et Lynch, L. How to Compete: the Impact of Workplace Practices and Information Technology on Productivity, The Review of Economics and Statistics

Cedex, France. Email charlety@essec.fr. Tél: 01 34 43 30 15. ‡ Université de Tours (CERE) et CREST-LEI, 28 rue des Saints-Pères 75007 Paris. Email souam@ensae.fr. Tél: 01 44 58 27 46. ∗ 1 Abstract This article recalls the evolution of the economic analysis of horizontal mergers and examines its relevance for competition policy. In the context of a strict enforcement of antitrust laws, Williamson (1968), in a pioneer article, stressed that the costs inherent to the industry monopolization should