Civilization

improvement, its gradual transformation towards more knowledge and happiness. The notion of progress is a modern idea which opposes the stability that prevailed in the past. Anthropologists note the difficulty had primitive societies and ancient civilizations to understand this idea. Even the Greeks had was limited perception. It is especially in the nineteenth century that progress has become an economic or scientific concept. It crosses the traditions and shakes accelerating scientific and technical

1.1 De Constantinople à Istanbul : Carrefour de civilization A- Apogée de l'empire Ottoman 1-C’est une prouesse qui manifeste la puissance guerrière de l’islam (transport par voie de terre des navires ottomans ; c’est la conquête d’une ville fascinante par sa beauté, son opulence, son site et sa situation d’exception ; c’est enfin une victoire religieuse du djihad, de la guerre sainte, et de l’islam sur le christianisme . 2-La prise de la ville s’est accompagnée

for my part, I think that people travel to open to the world, it is to discover new landscapes because the nature is so different from a place in the other one, from new cultures, to hear(understand) a new language(tongue), to see one the others civilization, the other colors, smells. So, the travelers bloom thanks to a real desire to exchange in spite of, sometimes, some problems of understanding, however a smile is often enough for understanding(including). The laughter is an international language(tongue)

Humanisme et moralité :- L’humanisme est porteur de valeurs universelles. Il s’oppose, en particulier, au relativisme moral. Pour un humaniste, il existe des principes moraux qui aident l’humanité à survivre et à prospérer et qui font avancer la civilization. À titre d’exemple, voler et le non-respect de la propriété empêchent l’économie de bien fonctionner et appauvrit le plus grand nombre. La séparation des Églises et de l'Étatgarantit la liberté de conscience du plus grand nombre. Les guerres impériales

spread all the world : it’s the most powerful culture. Consequently of this worrying domination of the American culture, many resistance movements are developing. There is on a side, tribes which are protecting themselves from the other civilizations with an aim of preserving their local customs and what’s more differents countries like France which struggle against the American culture as a voter of lawsin order to assert French’s identity. In my opinion, American culture is threatening

démotivation, …) ne puissent être isolés des relations qu’il a avec les autres membres et avec la hiérarchie. De ces travaux, Mayo, a publié deux ouvrages : • The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization. New York, Macmillan, 1933 • The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard U.P., 1945 Ces ouvrages sont en quelque sorte la conclusion de ses travaux. Il y soutient que la satisfaction des ouvriers diminue lorsque l’entreprise dans laquelle ils travaillent

radicale -les communistes ) et comme celle de la droite ( catholic ) – qui attaquaient furieusemmet cette philosophie de l`existentialisme, qui est d`après eux – tout à fait etrangé et incompatible avec la morale fondamentale de l`homme et des civilizations progressées . A l`essentiel – A lexecption des autres philosophies , celle la –ne preche pas pour le " savoir faire " mais plutôt pour – "le savoir observer " et le " savoir de l`abstention " . l`author décrit l`existence de l`homme – et

Dialogue sur l’anthropologie négro-africaine, Yaoundé/ Paris, Clé/ Présence Africaine, 1996, 232 p. * The Jerusalem Congress on Black Africa and the Bible, April 24-30 : proceedings/edited by E. Mveng, R.J.Z.,Weblosky. * Colloquium on civilization and Education, Lagos, 17th-31st january, 1977, Editors, A.U. Iwara, E. Mveng.

economic, social and politic crisis that affected the society, led many intellectual to reconsider the occidental civilization. Effectively, it is seen as the sign of a radical change and provoked anguish. Georges Duhamel was for example described his fears in his books Scène de la vie future, New-York’s skyscrapers or Chicago’s abattoir seemed to him to foreshadow the civilization of tomorrow, where men would disappeared, swallowed up by the masse, drove up useless because of the mechanization

“Trade and civilization in the Indian Ocean” is a book in which Chaudhuri is trying to highlight the importance of the Indian Ocean in World History evolution. The Indian Ocean had multiple roles in this process: it was a spectacular chain trade, but also a chain of spreading cultural or social values. Chaudhuri is analyzing this phenomenon by presenting the rise of Islam, trading networks as well as the Portuguese Empire or the Dutch and English influence in India (East India Companies). The book