L Efficient Consumer Response

business unit (SBU). It is based on the concept that a marketing manager is better able to judge consumer buying patterns and market trends by focusing on the entire product category.” (business dictionary) • Notre definition du category management Le category management semble être apparu dans les années 90 aux EtatsUnis, grâce à un concept plus général appelé l’ECR (Efficient Consumer Response), qui se traduit par une efficacité dans l’offre proposée au client. En effet le category management

technology). These new sources of competitive factors can be easily observed in the most advanced fashion countries. France and Italy boast about their creative designers, and the US is active in developing production and process technologies such as quick response technologies and, currently, the Demand-Activated Manufacturing Architecture (DAMA) project (Techexchange, 2005). Demand conditions This determinant refers to the nature of home-market demand for an industry’s product or service. Porter (1998) views

commerce traditionnel. Une époque révolue : elle doit désormais défendre ses positions, notamment face aux hard discounters (Lidl, Leader Price, etc.). D'où une recherche constante de gains de productivité. Parmi les pistes étudiées : l'ECR (efficient consumer response, ou réponse efficace au consommateur). Lancée en 1992 par l'industriel Procter and Gamble et le distributeur américain Wal-Mart, elle entend éliminer stocks, doublons et ruptures d'approvisionnement. Mais sa mise en oeuvre suppose des investissements

customization; - lean production; - cycle time reduction; - total quality management (TQM); - flattened hierarchies; - computer-integrated manufacturing; - process re-engineering; - heightened importance of services; - fragmented markets; - quick response; - flexible manufacturing systems; - database marketing (Pine, 1993, p. 34). La personnalisation de l'offre des produits et des services devient essentiel aux entreprises si elles désirent maintenir ou accroître leur niveau d'affaires. En effet

With the “Vision 2010” strategic plan you’ve given stakeholders a clear blueprint of what you want Philips to be in 2010. Yes, we have shared the next steps to grow the company further into a global leader in the areas of Healthcare, Lighting and Consumer Lifestyle. These steps aim to further position Philips as a market-driven, people-centric company with a strategy and a structure that fully reflect the needs of its customers and create value for shareholders. from the beginning as it is here

industry, in order to maintain their production considerably weakens this capacity of negotiation. - We can suppose some agreements between the actors of the iron and steel industry, in particular on the prices which still reduce the capacity of response and alternatives of the customers. The capacity of negotiation of the customers is thus certain, but it is limited by the dependence of these customers face to iron and steel industries. Threaten of substitute products The threat of substitute

offended by such practice (Fetto, 2001). It could also be of interest to note that ads targeted at young adults are more likely to contain sexuality (128%) than those targeted at an older audience. (Reichert, 2003) 2 Overview of consumer's responses 2.1 Processing of information This section will precise the role sexuality could play in the processing and encoding of information. For this research, we will define “information” as the message an advertisement is trying to communicate

logistique centralisée. Les démarches de coopération Compte-tenu de la complexité du système, de multiples démarches de coopération entre acteurs de la grande distribution sont développées depuis les années 1990. En particulier, l'ECR (Efficient Consumer Response - réponse optimale au consommateur-) est une démarche de coopération dans laquelle les fournisseurs et les distributeurs travaillent ensemble à réduire les coûts tout en augmentant la satisfaction du consommateur. Ils mettent ainsi en

Les places de marché Les places de marché électroniques se sont fortement développées depuis 5 ans, sous l’impulsion d’Internet et de la démarche ECR (Efficient Consumer Response). Cette brutale apparition en 2000 des places de marché, a été suivie d’une phase aussi rapide de fermeture de certaines de ces plateformes. Il existe à ce jour 1500 places de marché dans le monde et depuis plus d'un an les places de marche et l'e-procurement en général sont annoncés comme des solutions révolutionnaires

but also implemented flexibility mechanisms. * The most popular mechanism is the international emission trading (Article 17). This mechanism aims at encouraging the improvement of the production systems, especially the most polluting and less efficient ones. Nations and companies can sell their assigned amount units if they overcome their targets and can buy units if they did not manage to improve enough their production systems. Companies who are doing well in this domain can make profits; it